Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Definition: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure performed when the heart stops beating (cardiac arrest) or breathing stops. CPR combines chest compressions with rescue breaths to manually maintain blood flow to the brain and other vital organs until professional medical help arrives.
The CAB Sequence: Modern CPR protocols emphasize the following sequence for adult rescuers:
C - Compressions:
Goal: To artificially pump blood by pressing on the sternum (breastbone).
Technique: Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person's chest, with the other hand on top. Push hard and fast—compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 times per minute, to a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm). Minimize interruptions.
A - Airway:
Goal: To open the airway, often by moving the tongue or correcting the head position.
Technique: Use the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver to gently tilt the head back and lift the chin, opening the passage to the lungs.
B - Breathing:
Goal: To deliver oxygen to the lungs.
Technique: Pinch the nose shut and create a seal over the person's mouth. Deliver two rescue breaths, each lasting about one second, watching for the chest to rise.
Ratio: The standard ratio is 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths until professional help takes over or the person shows obvious signs of life.